The Bahmani Empire was later divided into five princely states due to continuous internal strife. After the death of Ala-ud-din in 1458, his cruel son Humayun came to power. The next year he himself invaded Telangana and made an attempt to seize Devarakonda, but Humayun's army was driven out, unable to resist the strong resistance of the Hindus. When Humayun died in September 1461, it was a great relief to the people of Bahmani. Mallikarjuna is believed to have been the king of Vijayanagar at that time.
After Humayun, Nizam shah succeeded him, but his rule did not last long. His brother Muhammad came to power in 1463 as heir apparently in the middle of 1469.During the reign of the Virupaksha I, Muhammad Gawan, Muhammad shah’s minister, marched with his army to the Western Ghats and conquered Goa, which was under Vijayanagara rule. The war was in retaliation for the massacre of some Muslim horsemen in 1469 AD. During this period, seaborne trade was completely dominated by Muslims. Most of the horses thus imported were for the army of the Deccan and Vijayanagar. The king of Vijayanagar relied heavily on them. However, in 1469, when the merchants of Bhatkal sold their horses only to the Bahmani Sultan, the king of Vijayanagar, realizing that he had been deceived, issued an edict to kill the traitors and drive out the rest as far as he could. Many people lost their lives in the ensuing clashes. The survivors reached Goa , later became the capital of Portuguese India.
Yusuf Adil Khan, a slave of Sultan Muhammad, soon rose to power. By overthrowing the Bahmani dynasty. Bijapur thus became a new state, Yusuf Adil Khan proclaimed himself the first independent king, and became the first Adilshah.
At the instigation of the prince of Vijayanagar, Vikrama, Chief of Balgoan fort set out to recapture Goa in 1472-73. Smelling this, Sultan Muhammad Shah came with a large army and attacked the Balgoan army. In 1475 a two-year famine struck Deccan and Telangana. The Hindu community in Kondapalli, which was under Islamic control, reacted by assassinating the Muslim governor and requesting help from Orissa.
In 1478, Sultan Muhammad invaded Kondapalli and Orissa, massacred Hindus, destroyed temples and executed priest community, and built a mosque there. He remained in Rajamundri for about three years, expelling the ruling zaminders and taking over the kingdom of Telangana.
At the beginning of a winter of 1406, the Sultan's army approached Vijayanagar. They attacked the city, looted houses and occupied the streets. Firuz Shah was then forced to give up everything and retreat as the city dwellers chased away the Islamic militants. That victory prompted Devaraya to defend his army within the walls. At the same time, he set out to retaliate against the Sultan's camp. In the rocky area of Vijayanagar, the Islamic militants were unable to use their cavalry properly and lost confidence. At the same time, Firuz Shah's hand was wounded by an arrow. Eventually, the king’s army retreated, kneeling before the might of Ahmed Khan and Khan Khan, and the Sultan withdrew from the city and stayed elsewhere for four months, waiting for the wounds of him and other wounded soldiers to heal. Devaraya, who was defeated in the war, was imprisoned in the capital. At the same time, the corpses of the slain Vijayanagara soldiers were desecrated and mutilat...
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